河北平原廊固凹陷ACX03孔晚上新世以来地层与沉积^*     

李瑞杰  王强  赵勇  魏波  孙永华 《古地理学报》2021,23(3):539-554

基于河北平原廊固凹陷东北部ACX03孔(深300.0 m)浅部¹⁴C年龄和磁性地层,建立钻孔第四纪地层格架,依据ACX03孔岩心沉积物、测井曲线和微体古生物特征划分沉积层段并分析沉积环境。研究结果表明: ACX03孔B/M(布容/松山)、M/G(松山/高斯)极性界线分别位于83.8 m、220.2 m,孔底年龄约3.2 Ma,划分13个沉积层段。上新统(220.2~300.0 m)为河道、河漫滩夹湖泊沉积,下更新统(85.2~220.2 m)为河道、湖泊、河漫滩沉积,中更新统(61.5~85.2 m)为分支河道夹河漫滩及河间洼地—湖沼沉积,上更新统(23.2~61.5 m)为河漫滩、分支河道沉积,全新统(0~23.2 m)为泛滥平原、河曲—牛轭湖沉积。对比ACX03孔与邻近钻孔第四纪地层认为,河北平原廊坊—固安一带早更新世差异性沉降最强,之后一直到全新世越来越弱。  相似文献   

辽宁本溪牛毛岭马家沟组顶部剖面微相分析与沉积环境     

孙宝亮  梁俊红  温守钦  崔卫利 《地质与资源》2021,30(6):646

牛毛岭马家沟组顶部剖面位于本溪国家地质公园牛毛岭景区的东部.通过对碳酸盐岩的微相分析,恢复了马家沟组顶部剖面沉积环境并总结了沉积环境变化规律.依据标本研究划分出14种微相类型,包括1种风暴岩微相类型、9种缓坡微相类型、3种标准微相类型和1种自定义微相类型.此剖面自下而上划分为3个低能型向上变浅潮缘旋回.旋回一的沉积环境由内缓坡的潮缘或潟湖,至沙滩和沙堤,至潮汐水道的潮缘;旋回二沉积环境由局限或开放的内缓坡,至潮缘的浅潮下带和个别层位的潮间、潮上带;旋回三最为典型,沉积环境由灰色灰岩的中缓坡,至潮缘,再到黄色调碳酸盐岩的潮缘浅潮下带,至潮间、潮上带的蒸发潟湖,至干旱气候下潮间、潮上带的蒸发海岸.推断染色的Fe³⁺和黏土矿物为陆源,此剖面点处是碳酸盐岩孤岛（洲）的潮缘环境.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and sedimentary environment of silicate in Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province     

LIU Daming  YAO Hongyou  HU Lin  YU Liang  LIU Yizhong 《中国地质调查》2021,7(6):68-78

In order to study the sedimentary environment characteristics of the Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province, the authors have conducted the petrological and geochemical analyses of the widely distributed silicate in Qiongyi Formation of Lower Carboniferous and Kawenggou Formation of Upper Permian. The results show that the silicate in the study area belongs to the pure siliceous rocks, with a continuous supply of land-based materials during the deposition process. The average Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio is 0.62, and the silicate shows a biogenic origin by the Al-Fe-Mn diagram. The ratios of Al₂O₃/ (Al₂O₃+ Fe₂O₃), Th/U, Th/Sc, (La/Ce)_N and (La/Yb)_N and tectonic environment discriminant diagram demonstrate that the silicate developed in a shallow-slope depesitional environment in the continental margin. The Ce_anom value is -0.04 to 0.07, and it gradually increases from the Carboniferous to the Permian period, indicating the water body is in an anoxic environment with gradually increasing reducibility. The Garz--Litang basin opened in the Carboniferous period, in accordance with the regional geological evolution, and it continued to expand during the Permian period, with the gradually increasing depth of the seawater within the sedimentary basins.  相似文献   

万象盆地不同成钾区的水不溶矿物对比及其指示意义     

唐启亮  张西营  苗卫良  李永寿  李雯霞  袁小龙 《地质学报》2021,95(7):2214-2224

老挝万象盆地属于沙空那空盆地的次级盆地,沉积了厚层的钾石盐矿,而钾石盐中还存在着部分水不溶物,通过研究不同成钾区域的钻孔发现:水不溶物主要包括硬石膏、方硼石、白云母、石英、水氯硼钙石、碳酸盐矿物以及零散的黄铁矿,通过水不溶矿物在钻孔中的分布及组合特征发现,钾盐从析出到结束,水不溶物出现规律性特征:钾石盐含量越多方硼石含量也越多,而硬石膏且越少,并在钾石盐高峰期出现鲕粒方硼石,鲕粒方硼石分布表明成钾晚期沉积环境为动荡的浅水环境.水不溶矿物组合、形貌特征及硼同位素分析研究显示,在万象盆地成钾阶段,钾盐沉积不是一成不变的而是具有明显的阶段性,其过程可以分为石盐沉积晚期,钾盐沉积早期,钾盐沉积中期和钾盐沉积晚期等4个不同阶段,其中钾盐阶段中期为钾盐沉积高峰期.因此,水不溶物研究能够很好地反演钾盐沉积环境,可作为古蒸发岩沉积研究的重要指标.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地乌什地区上震旦统奇格布拉克组地球化学特征及其地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

郑剑锋  刘禹  朱永进  梁峰 《古地理学报》2021,23(5):983-998

塔里木盆地寒武系盐下地层资源量巨大,上震旦统奇格布拉克组是该领域风险勘探的重要层系之一,但当前该层系勘探尚未取得重大突破,其中岩相古地理格局及储集层主控因素认识不深是制约勘探突破的重要因素之一。文中以乌什地区昆盖阔坦剖面为研究对象,通过地层精细描述和104块岩石薄片分析,并优选样品开展常微量元素、稀土元素、碳氧锶同位素、白云石有序度及U-Pb同位素年龄测试,分析了奇格布拉克组沉积环境及白云岩成因。结果表明: (1)塔里木盆地乌什地区昆盖阔坦剖面奇格布拉克组厚约141 m,主要发育叠层石、凝块石、泡沫绵层石3种微生物白云岩和鲕粒、粘结颗粒2种与微生物作用相关的颗粒岩,并根据相序组合可以划分为4个段,自下而上构成碳酸盐缓坡背景下的内缓坡潮坪—微生物丘滩沉积序列;(2)地球化学分析表明,奇格布拉克组沉积时期研究区整体处于温暖、干旱气候条件下的近岸浅水环境,海水具有较高盐度、较高水温和氧化—弱氧化特征,海平面先逐渐上升后快速下降;(3)奇格布拉克组白云岩形成于准同生—浅埋藏期,白云石化流体为具有较高盐度的海水。该研究成果不仅可以为塔里木盆地晚震旦世岩相古地理研究提供依据,还可以为储集层主控因素分析提供依据。  相似文献   

川西北下二叠统栖霞组微生物丘的发现及地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

全子婷  谭秀成  张本健  唐浩  罗冰  杨迅  张亚  肖笛  汤艳玲 《古地理学报》2021,23(6):1110-1124

通过野外露头与钻井剖面的室内外分析,确认在四川盆地西北部(川西北)下二叠统栖霞组中发育有微生物丘,它们主要由凝块灰(云)岩、叠层灰(云)岩和微生物粘结颗粒灰(云)岩等组成。这些微生物碳酸盐岩发育较为典型的凝块、叠层、窗格、粘结等组构。微生物丘大小不一,实测高度一般为几十厘米至几米,宽度通常变化于几米至几十米之间,具有底平顶凸的典型丘形外貌,以发育向上变浅的沉积序列为特征,一般由丘基、丘核、丘盖3个微相组成,也可与颗粒滩共同构成微生物丘滩复合体。基于区域古地理背景和微生物丘特征的剖析,认为川西北地区栖霞期沉积环境总体受限,推测为半局限—局限台地环境,水深较浅,能量普遍不高;海平面频繁的相对升降变化和微生物丘的侧向迁移叠置,导致发育于缓坡背景下的碳酸盐岩台地极易受限,引起早期沉积物发生与丘滩发育密切相关的准同生期白云石化作用。因此,微生物丘滩复合体是栖霞组白云岩储集层发育的物质基础,台缘坡折带、台内缓坡折带和高地是栖霞组白云岩储集层发育的有利区带,这对寻找规模性层位不稳定的带状白云岩储集层具有重要的指导作用,并将大大拓展栖霞组白云岩储集层的勘探领域。  相似文献   

沁水煤田15号煤中氟的赋存状态及其沉积环境分析     

张鹏  张绍韡  解锡超  游永建  李健 《中国煤炭地质》2021,(3):1-6,42

氟是煤中有害元素之一,燃煤型氟排放造成的污染已经对人类的健康安全构成威胁。研究煤中氟赋存状态及其沉积环境,对掌握高氟煤分布规律及控制燃煤造成的氟排放具有重要意义。通过对沁水煤田内6座煤矿15号煤样品的分析发现:煤中氟含量与灰分显著相关,与黄铁矿硫、有机硫无相关关系,表明煤中氟主要以无机物形式赋存,且与含硫矿物无关;与钾、镁、硅、铝等元素含量具有显著的相关关系,表明氟有可能的主要赋存形式为金云母、氟金云母等矿物,以及以吸附存在于高岭石、勃姆石、伊蒙混层等黏土矿物中;与钙、磷元素含量无显著相关性,表明氟不以氟磷灰石、含氟羟基磷灰石等矿物大量赋存。此外,通过对沁水煤田15号煤的沉积环境分析发现,弱还原环境、较低盐度、偏酸性、较强的水动力条件有利于该区域煤中氟的富集。  相似文献   

基于遥感的大兴安岭小扬气镇用地类型变化及生态环境状况评价     

陈卓  陈建平  周传芳  刘涛  姜平  张起鹏 《中国地质调查》2021,8(6):126-134

大兴安岭小扬气镇位于大兴安岭南部,属大小兴安岭森林生态功能区,森林覆盖率高,湿地资源丰富,曾是木材生产基地。为掌握小扬气镇用地类型现状及其变化,开展生态状况评价,利用多源卫星遥感数据,通过多尺度图像分割、决策树及目视解译等方法分别对该区1985年、1998年、2008年和2018年土地利用类型进行提取,计算生态环境状况指数(I_E),评价生态环境状况。结果表明: 小扬气镇土地利用类型以林地、沼泽、水域为主,三者占研究区总面积的97%以上; 沼泽草地主要由阔叶林转化而来,耕地主要由阔叶林、沼泽草地转化而来,草地主要转化为阔叶林、沼泽草地,阔叶林与沼泽草地之间的相互转化最为剧烈; 新增工矿仓储用地主要占用了原有阔叶林土地,新增住宅用地主要占用了原有的沼泽草地、阔叶林、森林沼泽等。总体来看,区内生态环境状况良好,在维护生态安全、促进当地绿色经济发展中起到了重要作用。  相似文献   

Groundwater characteristics and climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert in the southwest Mongolian Plateau     

《China Geology》2021,4(3):421-432

The Badain Jaran Desert is the third largest desert in China, covering an area of 50000 km². It lies in Northwest China, where the arid and rainless natural environment has a great impact on the climate, environment, and human living conditions. Based on the results of 1∶250000 regional hydrogeological surveys and previous researches, this study systematically investigates the circulation characteristics and resource properties of the groundwater as well as the evolution of the climate and ecological environment since the Quaternary in the Badain Jaran Desert by means of geophysical exploration, hydrogeological drilling, hydrogeochemistry, and isotopic tracing. The results are as follows. (1) The groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert is mainly recharged through the infiltration of local precipitation and has poor renewability. The groundwater recharge in the desert was calculated to be 1.8684×10⁸ m³/a using the water balance method. (2) The Badain Jaran Desert has experienced four humid stages since the Quaternary, namely MIS 13-15, MIS 5, MIS 3, and the Early–Middle Holocene, but the climate in the desert has shown a trend towards aridity overall. The average annual temperature in the Badain Jaran Desert has significantly increased in the past 50 years. In detail, it has increased by about 2.5°C, with a higher rate in the south than in the north. Meanwhile, the precipitation amount has shown high spatial variability and the climate has shown a warming-drying trend in the past 50 years. (3) The lakes in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert continuously shrank during 1973–2015. However, the vegetation communities maintained a highly natural distribution during 2000–2016, with the vegetation cover has increased overall. Accordingly, the Badain Jaran Desert did not show any notable expansion in that period. This study deepens the understanding of groundwater circulation and the climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploitation of the groundwater resources and the ecological protection and restoration in the Badain Jaran Desert.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Microplastic pollution in surface water and sediments of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Current status and causes     

《China Geology》2021,4(1):178-184

To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the results are as follows. First, the average microplastic abundance in surface water of the independent rivers and the whole area is 247–2686 items/m³ and 856 items/m³, respectively. The average microplastic abundance in sediments of independent rivers or lakes and the whole area is 0–933 items/m² and 362 items/m², respectively. Meanwhile, the degree of microplastic pollution in river sediments is higher than that in lake sediments, and the rivers suffering from microplastic pollution mainly include the Brahmaputra River, Tongtian River, and Nujiang River. Second, compared with the microplastic pollution in other areas of the world, the levelof microplastic pollution in the lakes and rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is not lower than that of well-developed areas with more intensive human activities. Finally, this study suggests that relevant government departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen waste management strategies while developing tourism and that much attention should be paid to the impacts of microplastics in the water environment.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献